Despite its microscopic size, every cell is an incredibly complex biological system. Inside, thousands of chemical reactions take place every second, producing energy, synthesizing proteins, copying DNA, and sustaining life itself. Cells make all forms of life possible. Some become neurons, transmitting electrical signals at remarkable speeds. Others develop into muscle cells, allowing us to move. Others form our skin, bones, blood, and nearly every organ in the human body. Even bacteria, which

Biology actually can make wheels. They just have to be really, really small. Bacteria propel themselves through water using flagella, which themselves are turned my a real working nanomotor. The bacterial flagellar motor has a rotor and a stator, and can adjust under different loads to apply constant torque. The physics and biology of one of the most foundational nanomachines is still being uncovered, with the cryo-EM structure of certain components still coming out earlier this year. #biology #

If You Turn Your Blood Green, This Happens