FTC said the "Big 3 PBMs" — CVS’s Caremark, Cigna’s Express Scripts, and UnitedHealth’s OptumRx — imposed markups of hundreds to thousands of percent on critical drugs, including those ...
The FTC report found that from 2017 to 2022, three PBMs—UnitedHealth Group's Optum, CVS Health's CVS Caremark and Cigna's Express Scripts—marked up prices at their pharmacies by hundreds or thousands ...
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