Most operational systems still use a single-layer ionosphere model with a fixed effective height, despite the ionosphere’s strong spatial, temporal, and solar-driven variability. This simplification ...
Contour plot of the electron density as a function of magnetic local time (MLT) and altitude. A fully 3D spatial model of ESF describing the motion of ions along and transverse to the geomagnetic ...
WASHINGTON -- The first global simulation study of equatorial spread F (ESF) bubble evolution using a comprehensive 3D ionosphere model, SAMI3, has been demonstrated. The model self-consistently ...
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