Physicists have traced the double ionization of argon atoms on attosecond time scales. When an intense laser pulse interacts with an atom it generates agitation on the micro scale. The most likely ...

While they have been identified, named and classified, not much is known about the heaviest, radioactive elements at the bottom of the periodic table. Using an incredibly delicate process involving ...

It is definitely the most famous experiment in quantum physics: in the double slit experiment, a particle is fired onto a plate with two parallel slits, so there are two different paths on which the ...

When building an atom, pay close attention to the particles' electrical charges. Protons have a charge of +1. Electrons have a charge of -1. Neutrons are neutral, as their name implies. A stable atom ...

THE spectrum of iodine excited to various stages of ionization by condensed discharges in capillary tubes of different cross-sections has been photographed by Littrow spectrographs in the visible and ...